Cov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab kev txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating rau Transformers

Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev hloov pauv.

Ua ntej, nws ua tau zoo thiab zoo ncaj ncaj cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm transformer programger.reliability thiab hloov pauv kev pab lub neej. Hauv ob xyoo dhau los, hloov cov khoom lag luam tshiab, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, thiab kev tsim kho tas li thiab tsim cov ntawv thov transformer rwb thaiv tsev thiab nws daim ntawv thov ua ib qho tseem ceeb.

1. Cov teeb meem no ntawm kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev hauv Suav teb

1.1 Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm transformer rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv

Nrog rau kev lag luam pauv hloov hauv tsev txhim kho los ntawm kev qhia txog cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws, ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo, thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm transformer cov khoom muaj tag nrho pom kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Raws li cov kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no Rwb thaiv tsev cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws yog 65 tons ib 10 mW ntawm teeb tsa lub zog muaj peev xwm. Los ntawm qhov no, peb tuaj yeem kwv yees tias rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv tus account rau kev sib faib tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ntseeg tau thiab lub neej pabcuam ntawm cov hloov pauv yog txiav txim siab ntau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev siv. Rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ntau zuj zus los ntawm transformer cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov tuam ntxhab.

Rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv, tseem hu ua dielecric cov ntaub ntawv, yog cov tshuaj nrog kev tiv taus loj thiab qis dua. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv los ntawm cov chaw sib cais ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv, ua kom pom tias hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws tawm hauv qhov kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev hloov pauv, cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tseem ua tau cov kab ke ua haujlwm, kev txhawb nqa, kev tiv thaiv kev noo, thiab kev tiv thaiv pwm.

Rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv tau cais los ntawm lawv cov qib kev txom nyem thermal ua raws li nram no:, F (155 degree), h (180 degree), thiab C (saum 180 degree). Lub thermal kev zam kev txhawb nqa qib hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev hloov kho yog hais txog qhov kub siab tshaj plaws uas cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hauv ib transformer. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv siv tau raug, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom 20- xyoo xyoo pab lub neej. Txwv tsis pub, lawv lifespan yuav luv raws li 8 qib (piv txwv li, chav kawm B-Degree, thiab H-chav kawm txo los ntawm 12 degree). Txoj cai no yog hu ua "8 degree thermal kev laus txoj cai."

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yog ze rau lawv cov molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv. Muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, feem ntau tau cais los ntawm lawv cov qauv raws li gaseous, kua, thiab cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev.

1.2 gaseous rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv

Feem ntau siv gaseous rwb thaiv tsev cov khoom hauv cov hloov pauv yog SF6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride). SF6 yog cov pa roj uas tsis yog cov nplaim taws uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnyav thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv SF6 ua cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev hauv cov hloov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv qab:

Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws: Thawj qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm SF6 roj-insulated transformers (git) yog lawv cov khoom hluav taws-resistant. SF6 yog cov roj tsis sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom siv cev nqaij daim tawv thiab tshuaj lom neeg tau ruaj khov.

High voltage thiab muaj peev xwm loj: Sf6 roj-insulated transformers yog tib lub peev xwm ntawm kev ua tiav siab voltages thiab cov peev xwm ntau hauv cov hluav taws xob thiab kev puas tsuaj-resistant transformers thiab kev kub ntxhov. Txog rau hnub, cov hluav taws kub tiv thaiv hauv kev siv thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau cov tshuab hluav taws xob qhuav-cam khwb cia qhuav-cam khwb cia qhuav cua tshuab qhuav) thiab gits. Qhov ntau tshaj plaws rau cov tshuab hloov hluav taws xob qhuav feem ntau lees paub tias yog 35 kv, thaum lub gits tuaj yeem ncav cuag {} kv thiab 300 MVA. Nyob hauv Suav teb cov phiaj xwm tam sim no, ntau lub nroog uas xav tau kev tsim kho hauv nroog (qee qhov yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nroog (uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nroog (qee qhov yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nroog (uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nroog (qee qhov yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nroog (uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nroog)

Chaw Txuag: Tus hneev taw ntawm tus git yog kwv yees tib yam li ntawm cov roj-rers transformer ntawm tib lub peev xwm thiab voltage theem, thiab nws tsis tas yuav tsum muaj hluav taws kub roj hluav taws ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua ke nrog nrog ua ke nrog hloov hloov (GIS), gits tuaj yeem sib txuas ncaj qha rau gis, yog li txo qhov yuav tsum tau hloov chaw. Ntau cov chaw thoob plaws txawv teb chaws tau pom cov txiaj ntsig no.

Txo qhov siab: Cov khoom siv tsis tas yuav tsum muaj roj tso tsheb hlau luam, yog li lawv muaj li 20% qis dua hauv cov nqi roj av, uas tau zoo dua rau kev hloov chaw ntawm cov pej xeem hauv av.

Cov qauv nyuaj thiab tus nqi siab: Thaum cov qauv txheej txheem tag nrho yog qhov zoo sib xws rau cov roj-cov roj uas muaj zog ntawm SF6 roj zoo li roj av, thiab cov ntsiab lus plua plav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov gits tsis yog ntau dua hauv cov qauv tab sis kuj xav tau cov qauv siab rau cov qauv haujlwm ntau rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj kev kub ntxhov qis dua ntawm cov roj SF6 piv rau cov roj uas muaj roj ntxiv, cov khoom siv tau ua rau muaj cov nqi roj dua siab dua, ua rau gits kim dua.

Suab nrov: Thaum lub suab tseem ceeb ntawm cov gits yog li ntawm 3 DB qis dua li cov roj-ranked transformers, lub suab nrov los ntawm cov kiv cua tuaj yeem siab heev. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem xaus lus tias cov gits yog ib txwm quieter tshaj li cov roj hloov roj.

LOMPLOUNDER PEEV: Vim yog cov cua sov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm SF6 roj, cov muaj peev xwm tshaj ntawm cov gits tsuas yog hais txog ob feem peb ntawm cov roj-ranked transformers.

(8) Rau cov gits nrog on-shooL voltage txoj cai, lub tshuab nqus-hom on-load tus kais hloov pauv yuav tsum siv. Rau xws li on-load tus kais hloov pauv tau siv nyob rau hauv high-voltage, cov ntawv thov muaj peev xwm loj, muaj kev teeb meem loj hauv kev ua lag luam hauv lawv. Cia siab rau kev nkag teb yuav zam rau tag nrho tus nqi.

1.3 Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Kua

Thawj cov khoom lag luam uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws siv hauv kev hloov pauv yog transformers roj, uas yog kev ua rwb thaiv tsev, cua sov dissipation, thiab arc supression.

1.3.1 ib txwm transformer roj

Tsoos roj hloov roj yog ib qho los ntawm cov roj av ua kom zoo dua. Nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog alkanes, naphthenic saturated hydrocarbons, thiab cov ntxhiab tsis muaj kuab hydrocarbons.

Tam sim no, cov roj siv feem ntau yog 25 # (nrog ib qho ncuav tsis muaj siab dua {}} degree) thiab 45 # (nrog ib qho ncuav tsis muaj siab dua {{}}}}}}}}} degree). Cov hauv qab no yog cov kev ua tau zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua rau roj Transformer:

Tsawg ntom ntom: Qhov no yuav pab tau tias dej thiab impurities nyob rau hauv cov roj nyob tawm.

Mob viscerate: High A viscosity yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg thaum tshav kub dissipation, thaum tsawg dhau yuav qis dua flash point.

High nyem point: Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub eeb taw tes yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 136 degree.

Tsawg ncuav: Qhov no ua kom cov roj tseem ua tau nyob ntawm qhov kub tsawg.

Cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm ImuritiesXws li cov acids, hauv paus, thiab cov hmoov tshauv, cov hmoov tshauv: cov no yuav tsum tau txo qis kom tsis txhob xeb cov ntaub ntawv, cov xov hlau, thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

Tsawg oxidation degree: Cov roj yuav tsum tsis txhob hla dhau oxidation.

Txaus: Qhov kev ruaj ntseg feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm cov acid tus lej xeem, uas sawv cev rau cov roj muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev laus.

1.3.2 nplaim taws-retardant roj

Nplaim taws-retardant roj tau tsim los vim tsis muaj hluav taws kub tsis txaus siab ntawm cov hloov hluav taws xob. Thaum xyoo 1970, thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav rau lwm txoj kev xaiv, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov roj hloov pauv qis dua 300 degree, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob propagate hluav taws. Txawm hais tias 300 degree yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo siab, nws tau lees paub tias yog qhov ntsuas uas tsim nyog rau cov nplaim hluav taws xob vim nws ntau dua ob npaug ntawm hluav taws kub ntawm cov roj transformer.

Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1950, Asmeskas tau tsim cov roj Silicone, thiab thawj lub tuam txhab roj Silicone Thaum xyoo 1980s, UK tsim cov roj (raug xa mus rau cov roj (roj rau Asmeskas tau ua tiav, Asmeskas cov roj, nrog rau cov roj, thiab poly {- - o Lawv cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo yog qhia hauv Table 1:

1.3.3 Cov roj zaub

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, 2008, Siemens Zog tau tsim cov transformer siv zaub roj rwb thaiv cov roj rau enbw, lub tuam txhab German. Tam sim no, enbw yog xa cov hloov pauv nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev tshiab ua kua ntawm TEINACHTEY, nyob ze rau yav tsaus ntuj teb chaws Yelemees. Lub hom phiaj yog los ntsuas thiab sau cov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab ntuj-ntiaj teb. Lub rwb thaiv tsev ua kua siv nyob rau hauv Siemens 'Transformer tshiab yog tsim los ntawm cov roj tuaj ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntawm cov kua thiab ua kom tiav cov khoom siv biodegradabe. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kua no tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug dej, ua rau lawv haum rau thaj chaw nrog kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hloov hluav taws xob no tau kaw kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa oxygen los ntawm huab cua los ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev ua kua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo. Qhov kev khi no txuas ntxiv rau kev hloov pauv lub neej thiab nce nws lub peev xwm thauj khoom, yog li txo cov nqi ua haujlwm rau cov nqi hluav taws xob.

1.4 cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev

Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev uas siv rau cov hloov pauv hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv insulating uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ruaj khov los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev lossis lub cev hloov. Muaj ntau cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev, xws li cov ntawv nplaum, insulating cov ntaub nplaum, cov ntaub nplaum, cov ntaub nyias nyias daim kab xev, meshteroven cov kab xev, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov roj-raus hloov pauv, cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab no:

1.4.1 insulating ntawv

Insulating ntawv tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cog cov ntawv fiber ntau thiab hluavtaws fiber ntau. Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cellulose txiav txim siab txawv impregnability, cov khoom siv tshuab, thiab cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntawv insulating.

1.4.1.1 Ntshiab sulfate ntoo pulp insulating ntawv

Hom cov ntawv insulating nyob hauv Suav teb muaj xws li:

Lub Hwj Huam Cable Ntawv: Siv rau rwb thaiv tsev hauv lub zog hloov hluav taws xob lossis lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob ntawm 35 kV thiab hauv qab no. Cov khoom no tau muab faib ua peb qib: VLZ-V, A, thiab DLZ-B, nrog thicknesses ntawm 80 μm, thiab 170 μm. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv rolls.

High-voltage Cable Ntawv: Siv rau kev hloov pauv ntawm 110 KV thiab 330 KV, kuj muaj nyob hauv qaws.

Transformer winding winding daim ntawv: Ib hom kev siv hluav taws xob siab cable ntawv tab sis nrog kev ua tau zoo dua, haum rau 500 KV transformers, thiab reactors.

Ntawv Xov Tooj: Ua los ntawm kev txiav tsis tau ntoo xyoob ntoo pulp, feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov xov tooj, txawm hais tias muaj ib qho chaw tsim khoom hloov pauv kuj siv nws hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws kuj tseem siv los ua cov ntawv hauv paus rau insulating cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom. Cov ntawv xov tooj tau muab faib rau qib peb: A, B, thiab C, nrog A thiab B cov qhab nia siv rau kev sib txuas lus cables. Nws los nyob rau hauv ob qho specifications: DH -50 thiab dh -75, hauv yob daim ntawv.

Insulating crepe ntawv: Ua los ntawm cov ntawv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tau ua tiav los tsim cov muaj mob. Cov neeg muaj kev quab yuam yog txuas ntxiv thaum daim ntawv setched. Cov ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau tus nqi elongation thiab muaj feem ntau siv rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov tshuab roj hmab roj av, xws li cov ntaub qhwv ua, thiab cov ntaub qhwv insulating.

1.4.1.2 nitrated insulating ntawv

Denison Ntawv, tseem hu ua nitrated daim ntawv, yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv Dicyclohexylamine, Ethylene cyanide, thiab lwm yam tshuaj rau daim ntawv pulp. Tsim los ntawm Asmeskas lub tuam txhab Denison, cov ntawv nta zoo xws li muaj zog thiab tsim nyog elongation tom qab muaj kev sib cav thiab nyiaj. Nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau insulating transformer windings, ua kom nruj nroos qhwv tsis o.

1.4.1.3 Hluavtaws hluavtaws fiber ntau

NOMEX Ntawv, tsim los ntawm dupont nyob rau hauv Asmeskas, yog cua sov-resistant hluavtaws fiber ntawv. Nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, uas muaj cov kev laus thermal zoo heev. Txawm tias thaum muaj kev kub siab ntawm 250 degree, nws tswj cov saum npoo av loj (10¹³ ω / cmo resistivity (10¹¹ ω / cm³). Cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm Nomex® Rwb thaiv tsev daim ntaub yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem suav tau raws li hauv qab no:

Qes dielectric ploj ntawm 0. 01 thoob plaws ntau zaus ntawm qhov kub txog rau 200 degree.

Tus txheeb ze Dielrictric tas li tsuas yog 1. {5-2. 5, qis dua ntau cov ntaub ntawv insulating.

Ib tug dielectric rhuav tshem hluav taws xob voltage ntawm 35 kV / hli ntawm lub zog zaus voltically rau voltage rau nto tawm.

Cov khoom siv zoo xws li, noo noo tsis kam, thiab nplaim retardancy.

1.4.1.4 Rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv rau kev thaiv cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob

Lemiconductive Cableyog tsim los ntawm 100% unlobeached sulfate ntoo pulp. Nws suav nrog cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tswj hwm lub ntsej muag tawm mus rau ntawm 10⁴ thiab 10⁶ ω. Daim ntawv cableNonductive, tseem hu ua cov ntawv semiconductor, muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si monochrome thiab bicolor hom. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev thaiv cov high-voltage ua thiab high-voltage hluav taws xob ua kom ntseeg tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Metatized Crepe Ntawv: Lub hauv paus ntawv yog xim cable ntawv, nrog txhuas ntawv ci rau ib sab. Daim ntawv cable thiab aluminium ntawv ci yog ua raws li ua ke nrog cov nplaum thiab tom qab ntawd. Nws yog siv rau insulating thiab tiv thaiv electrostatic daim hlau, cov ntxaij vab tshaus zoo li qub, lub sijhawm xaus, thiab sab nraud terminals.

Cov Ntawv Hlau: Lub hauv paus ntawv yog {{{0}}}}. 2 hli tuab insulating ntawv, nrog txhuas ntawv ci ntawm 0.0 mm thickness. Nws yog siv rau hauv av thiab tawv tawv.

1.4.2 Board

Laminated ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov noob ntoo sulfate. Nws yog siv rau cov roj gaps, spacers, ntaub pua tsev, corrugated ntawv, goke rwb thaiv tsev, thiab rwb thaiv tsev kawg rau transformer windings. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv me me (T3 mos mos), nruab nrab ntom (T1 ntawv me me (T1 daim ntawv), thiab qhov kub (T4 hardboards. Raws li Pawg Thawj Coj Txheej Txheem, nws tuaj yeem tsim tawm raws li cov ntawv kub-nias lossis daim ntawv tso npe nyiaj.

Insulating Tubes: Cov no tuaj rau hauv mos thiab hard ntawv, phenolic resin ntawv ci, epoxy iav daim ntaub leeg, thiab cov leeg fiberglass. Lawv tsim lub cev pob txha thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm windings.

Corrugated Daim Ntawv Teev Ntawvyog siv los hloov cov spacers thiab tsim cov roj khoob ntawm cov leeg. Cov qauv rwb thaiv tsev pab cawm kom cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev thaum ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo rwb thaiv tsev. Nws los nyob rau hauv ob hom: loj sib txawv corrugations thiab corrugations me ntsis.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv, ntaub, thiab cov ntaub nplaum ntoo, thiab tom qab ntawd kub-nias lossis cua txias. Cov khoom no suav nrog cov laug cam laminated thiab ntoo li yaj. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm Laminated cov khoom nyob ntawm seb cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv, cov nplaum, thiab cov txheej txheem moulding. Tam sim no, zoo hluav taws xob laminated ntoo yaj thiab laminated ntawv ci yog dav siv nyob rau hauv loj hloov.

1.4.3 Moulded insulating ntu

Qhov kev sib txuam ntawm hluav taws xob teb hauv cov khoom moulded insulating yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab muaj peev xwm rau cov khoom siv insulating hauv Suav teb tau txwv, qhov twg tag nrho cov khoom siv kab tawm tseem cia siab rau cov khoom lag luam.

2. Kev loj hlob tus qauv ntawm transformer rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv hauv Suav teb

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev txhim kho ntawm Western, tshwj xeeb tom qab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam muaj zog tau ua rau kev hloov pauv kev lag luam loj hlob. Cov theem nrab tau nce nrawm los ntawm 500 kV rau 750 kV thiab 1, {} Qhov kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tseem ceeb xws li cov qauv hluav taws xob siab loj rau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov khoom siv insulating tseem ceeb rau cov hloov pauv hloov mus txuas ntxiv mus thiab tseem nyob hauv luv luv.

Nws yog kwv yees li xyoo tas los, kev hloov pauv kev lag luam hauv Suav teb yuav tsum tau 30, {000}} kub loj-exsulating daim ntawv rau ultra-high-voltage transformers. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tsim khoom hauv tsev yog txwv, nrog tsuas yog Taizhou Weideman tsim ntau dua 8, {}} tons ib xyoo, xav tau ntau cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws.

Tshwj xeeb, cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm rau cov qauv hluav taws xob loj loj thiab txwv tsis pub muaj ultra-high-voltage thiab converter transformers nyob hauv Suav teb