Kev paub tseem ceeb & Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm High/Low-Voltage Switchgear
Taw qhia
High thiab low -voltage switchgear assemblies yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke uas muab cov hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob, kev tswj hwm, kev tiv thaiv, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas. Lawv ua haujlwm ua "cov paj hlwb" ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Hauv qab no yog ib tug systematic collation ntawmqhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev paub, cov ntsiab lus kev tshaj lij, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb- ua kom zoo rau B2B kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm chaw nres tsheb ywj pheej.
1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb & cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
"Complete Set (Integrated)" txhais li cas?
Switchgear yog hu ua "ua tiav teeb" vim nwsintegrates ntau functional units(inlet, metering, PT, qhov hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam) thiab ua ntej - nruab cov khoom tseem ceeb / theem nrab uas yuav tsum ua haujlwm ua ke ua ke. Nws yog ib qho ua ntej- sib sau ua ke, hloov pauv hloov tsis yog cov khoom siv ib leeg.
Ntsiab Voltage Qib nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj & Lawv Lub Hom Phiaj
表格
| Qib Qib | Daim ntawv thov Scenario | Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| 500 kV / 220 kV / 110 kV | Ntev - kis tau tus mob | Txo cov kab poob; High voltage=poob qis rau ntev - thauj mus los |
| 35 kV / 10 kV | Chaw ua si, chaw ua lag luam, chaw nres tsheb fais fab | Kev faib hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam |
| 380V / 220V | Xaus- cov khoom siv (lub cev muaj zog, teeb pom kev zoo, khoom siv hauv tsev) | Qhov kawg fais fab mov |
2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Kev Nyab Xeeb & Kev Ua Haujlwm
Vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau tso tawm rau 10kV Systems?
Thaum fais fab tuag, capacitors thiab circuits khaws cov seem seem.Kev tso tawm yog qhov yuav tsum tau ualos tiv thaiv hluav taws xob poob siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tu.
Cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb (10kV)
Tsis txhob kov lub busbar ncaj qha thaum qhib lub qhov rooj txee.
Siv a10kV voltage testermus kuaj seb puas muaj nyob tam sim no ua ntej.
Txuas ib kawg ntawm ib qho av xaim rau hauv av thiab lwm qhov kawg mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Siv cov lus qhia tester hu rau lub busbar kom tso tawm.
Ua kom tiav kev tso tawm ua ntej kev saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej.
Standard Withstand Voltages rau 10kV Test
| Txuj | Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob (Cabinet) | Test Voltage (Tshooj Chaw nres nkoj) |
|---|---|---|
| Hauv tsev (GB) | 42kv ua | 48kv ua |
| International (IEC) | 36kv ua | 36kv ua |
Muaj nuj nqi ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg Txias Channel
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm txee tawg, siab - cov pa roj surges raug tsim.Siab nyem raws(nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub txee) ncaj qha roj tawm sab nraud kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lwm yam khoom. Yog tsis muaj lawv, cov pa roj yuav tawg los ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws, ua rau muaj kev ua tsis tiav.
Huab cua Insulation Distance (National Standard)
Rau 10kV systems:125 hliyam tsawg kawg nkaus clearance ntawm theem thiab rau hauv av.
Rwb thaiv tsev Creepage Distance
Covnto leakage nrug(raws li qhov chaw insulator) nruab nrab ntawm siab -voltage nyob qhov chaw thiab hauv av. Rau 10kV:235mm ibyam tsawg kawg nkaus.
3. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb & Thib Ob (cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb)
Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam (Main Power Loop)
| Cheebtsam | Muaj nuj nqi | Daim ntawv thov Scenario |
|---|---|---|
| Circuit Breaker | Load switching, overcurrent/short- tiv thaiv Circuit Court; Nqus / SF6 hom | 10kV / 35kV / 110kV systems |
| Disconnector | Cais lub zog nrog qhov pom kev tawg;Tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm load | Tsau - hom txee |
| Xob Laim Arrester | Absorbs overvoltage los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej los ntawm surges | Txhua lub txee (inlet / qhov hluav taws xob) |
| Tam sim no Transformer (CT) | Kev ntsuas / ntsuas tam sim no; Muab cov cim tiv thaiv | 10kV + system |
| Qhov Voltage Transformer (PT) | Ntsuas / ntsuas voltage; Muab lub zog rau kev tiv thaiv / tswj | 10kV + system |
| Zero-Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv | Txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib npaug tam sim no rau kev tiv thaiv hauv av | 10kV + system |
| Siab -Voltage Fuse | Tiv thaiv transformers (xws li PTs) | Transformer circuits |
| Earthing Hloov | Hauv av nyob qhov chaw thaum tu; Tiv thaiv rov qab - pub mis | Qhov hluav taws xob terminals |
| Qhov taw qhia nyob | Nthuav qhia txog cov xwm txheej nyob hauv lub txee | Txhua ntu nyob |
| Busbar | Ua lub zog loj;Insulated lub tes tshotxo cov huab cua clearance | Main zog voj |
Secondary Cheebtsam (Control/Protection Loop)
| Cheebtsam | Muaj nuj nqi |
|---|---|
| Contactor | Chaw taws teeb tswj ntawm lub cev muaj zog / load hloov |
| Relay | Kev tiv thaiv logic (overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent) |
| Txoj Haujlwm Xauv | Interlocks txee ua haujlwm ib ntus; Tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev |
| Temperature/Humidity Controller (Wet Controller) | Saib xyuas cov av noo; Activates cua sov kom tiv thaiv condensation |
| AC / DC | AC (Alternating Current)=Lub zog loj; DC (Direct Current)=Tswj / pab lub zog |
Core Component Principles
Nqus Circuit Breaker
Siv anqus interrupter(lub tshuab nqus tsev kawm ntawv <10⁻⁴ Pa) raws li qhov nruab nrab arc extinction.
Haum rau 10kV / 35KV voltage qib; Txhim khu kev qha, kev saib xyuas tsawg.
SF₆ Circuit Breaker
SivSF₆ gasrau arc extinction; 10x muaj peev xwm tawg ntau dua li tus qauv tawg.
Qhov zoo: Tsawg arc voltage, luv arcing lub sij hawm, tsis tshua muaj kev sib cuag hnav.
Qhov tsis zoo: tus nqi siab; Yuav tsum muaj roj rov qab; complex qauv.
Daim ntawv thov: 220kV + ultra{2}}high voltage systems; Compact, qhov chaw -txuag.
Tam sim no Transformer (CT)
Series - txuasnrog lub load; Kauj ruam - down tam sim no rau metering / tiv thaiv.
Ratio: I1N1=I2N2(Tam sim no yog inversely proportional to lem ratio).
Tsis txhob qhib qhov thib ob sabthaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm (kev pheej hmoo ntawm high voltage).
Qhov Voltage Transformer (PT)
Parallel{0}} txuasnrog lub load; Cov kauj ruam qis voltage rau ntsuas / tiv thaiv.
Ratio: U1/U2=N1/N2(Voltage is proportional to turns ratio).
Tsis txhob luv lub thib ob sabthaum ua haujlwm.
High-Voltage Insulator
Txhawb / kho cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob; Xyuas kom rwb thaiv tsev ntawm conductors thiab hauv av.
Deg tsim (corrugated skirts) nce creepage nrug los tiv thaiv flashover.
4. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb & cov cuab yeej siv
Nyob Qhov Rooj (Baffle)
Kaw qhov kev sib cuag zoo li qub thaum lub tsheb thauj khoom raug rho tawm.
Tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nrog high voltage thaum tu.
Txoj Haujlwm Xauv
yuamkev ua haujlwm ua ntu zus interlocksnruab nrab ntawm cov txee.
Tiv thaiv tib neeg yuam kev (piv txwv li, kaw lub breaker ua ntej kev sib cais).
Lightning Arrester (Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb)
Muaj nuj nqi: Absorbs overvoltage ( xob laim/switching surges) los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv.
Yuav tsum tau Installation: Txhua lub txee (inlet / qhov hluav taws xob) kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Inlet txee: Tiv thaiv cov kab sab hauv los ntawm sab nraud surges.
Outlet txee: Tiv thaiv overvoltage los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum switching.
Wet Controller (Humidity Controller)
Pom cov av noo ntawm lub sensor; Activates cua sov cov ntsiab lus los tswj cov dej noo.
Hom: Tsis siv neeg (auto-kho) / Phau ntawv (manual control).
Tiv thaiv condensation, rwb thaiv tsev degradation, thiab luv circuits.
5. Daim duab & Cov Ntsiab Cai
Ib leeg - Kab kos duab (Pib daim duab qhia chaw)
Sawv cev raulub zog loj(tseem ceeb Cheebtsam) thiab lawv cov hlua / txuas topology.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Busbars, transformers, breakers, disconnectors, CT / PT, fuses.
Fais fab Transformer Basics
Hloov voltage / tam sim no (tsis hloov lub zog).
Core qauv: Kaw silicon steel core (0.35-0.5mm tuab) + ob insulated windings (primary/secondary).
Peb -theem transformers: Peb ib zaug -theem txuas txuas hauv ib pab pawg.
6. Kev Q&As Q&As (B2B FAQ Section)
Q: CTs puas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rov qab?
A: Tsis yog. Tus qauv ntws tam sim no yogL1 → L2. Kev thim rov qab (L2 → L1) yuav tsum tau hloov kho cov kab txuas txuas ntxiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ntsuas tsis raug / tiv thaiv cov cim.
Q: Yuav ua li cas kuaj lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum hloov?
A: Ua ativ taus qhov ntsuas hluav taws xobntawm 48kV rau qhov chaw nres nkoj tawg. Lub tshuab nqus tsev (tsim nyog) lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum yuav tiv taus qhov kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Q: Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub nplhaib tseem ceeb (RMU) yog dab tsi?
A: Enablesload- tawg hloov; Tiv thaiv los ntawm siab -voltage fuses rau transformers. Dav siv nyob rau hauv kev faib network.
Q: Vim li cas insulate busbars nrog lub tes tsho?
A: Txo cov cua rwb thaiv tsev nyob deb; Tiv thaiv luv luv los ntawm cov tsiaj me (nas, kab) nkag mus rau hauv lub txee.
7. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (Lus Askiv-Suav)
| Lus Askiv | Core txhais | |
|---|---|---|
| High/Low-Voltage Switchgear | Integrated fais fab faib / tswj systems | |
| Switchgear Txee | Main fais fab faib txee | |
| Circuit Breaker | Load switching + tiv thaiv overcurrent | |
| Disconnector | Pom kev cais tawm (tsis muaj load) | |
| Xob Laim Arrester | Overvoltage absorption | |
| Tam sim no Transformer (CT) | Kev ntsuas tam sim no / kev tiv thaiv | |
| Qhov Voltage Transformer (PT) | Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob / kev tiv thaiv | |
| Nqus Interrupter | Arc extinction hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum | |
| SF₆ Gas | Rwb thaiv tsev / arc extinction nruab nrab | |
| Nias nyem nyem Channel | Explosion gas tso | |
| Creepage nrug | Insulator nto leakage nrug | |
| Qhov taw qhia nyob | Live status qhia | |
| Earthing Hloov | Kev nyab xeeb hauv av thaum tu | |
| Txoj Haujlwm Xauv | Kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo |